Leo Tolstoy

Leo Tolstoy (1828–1910), best known as the author of War and Peace and Anna Karenina, developed a radical form of Christian anarchism later in life. He rejected the authority of the state, the church, and private property, advocating instead for nonviolence, simplicity, and moral self-transformation.

Tolstoy’s utopian vision centered on small, self-sufficient communities guided by love, compassion, and nonviolence. He believed that true social change comes not through revolution, but through individuals refusing to participate in systems of domination.