Murray Bookchin

Murray Bookchin (1921–2006) developed the theory of social ecology, linking environmental problems to hierarchical social structures. He proposed libertarian municipalism—a system of directly democratic communities confederated together.

Bookchin’s utopian vision was one of ecological, democratic cities where people participate directly in decision-making and live in balance with the natural world. He offered one of the most detailed blueprints for a post-capitalist society.